Lifetime risk of a cancer diagnosis. American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts & Figures 2024: the lifetime probability of being diagnosed with invasive cancer in the United States is 40.9% for men and 39.1% for women — about 4 in 10.
Marquart J, Chen EY, Prasad V. Estimation of the percentage of US patients with cancer who benefit from genome-driven oncology. JAMA Oncology 2018;4:1093–1098 — an estimated 8.3% of US patients with metastatic cancer were eligible for a genome-targeted drug in 2018, and about 5% were estimated to benefit; the large majority of patients are treated with surgery, radiation, and conventional chemotherapy. Haslam A, Kim MS, Prasad V. Updated estimates of eligibility for and response to genome-targeted oncology drugs among US cancer patients, 2006–2020. Annals of Oncology 2021;32:926–932 — eligibility reached about 1 in 7 by 2020.
Rojas LA, Sethna Z, Soares KC, et al. Personalized RNA neoantigen vaccines stimulate T cells in pancreatic cancer. Nature 2023;618:144–150. An individualized immunotherapy, custom-made for each patient to prime their immune system against their own tumor's mutations.
Weber JS, Carlino MS, Khattak A, et al. Individualised neoantigen therapy mRNA-4157 (V940) plus pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab monotherapy in resected melanoma (KEYNOTE-942): a randomised, phase 2b study. Lancet 2024;403:632–644.
A working example of a nonprofit-held platform trial: GBM AGILE (Glioblastoma Adaptive Global Innovative Learning Environment), NCT03970447, sponsored by the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, a nonprofit. Under one master protocol, drugs from different pharmaceutical companies are evaluated against a common control arm with shared infrastructure, and new arms are added as developers join; enrolling since 2019. Trial design: Alexander BM, et al. Adaptive global innovative learning environment for glioblastoma: GBM AGILE. Clinical Cancer Research 2018;24:737–743.